B.Z. Sahaf; S. Moharramipour
Abstract
In this research, the effect of ecdysteoidal extract from Spinacia oleracea L. (Chenopodiceae), a plant producing phytoecdysteroids, was evaluated on the life table and population growth parameters of Ephestia kuehniella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Ecdysteroidal extract of the plant leaves, containing ...
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In this research, the effect of ecdysteoidal extract from Spinacia oleracea L. (Chenopodiceae), a plant producing phytoecdysteroids, was evaluated on the life table and population growth parameters of Ephestia kuehniella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Ecdysteroidal extract of the plant leaves, containing 20 hydroxyecdysone, was incorporated into the food given to the insect. Newly hatched larvae (100 replications) were reared individually in test glasses. Data analysis demonstrated that the intrinsic rate of increase (rm), mean generation time (T), finite rate of increase (l) and net reproduction rate (R0) decreased significantly as concentration of the extract increased. In addition, doubling time (DT) increased significantly as concentration of the extract increased. Life expectancy of the insect (ex)alsoincreased. Total development duration in treated insects was always significantly longer than that in the control group. The control insects had four instar larvae, but it was six for the treated larvae. Data demonstrated that E. kuehniella was partially resistant to ingested exogenous ecdysteroids. Nevertheless, exogenous ecdysteroids were able to disrupt larval development and reduced the fertility. Therefore, this extract may be a potential protectant as botanical alternative agent, and can be used as a biopesticide to control E. kuehniella population.
B.Z. Sahaf; S. Moharramipour
Volume 24, Issue 4 , February 2009, , Pages 385-395
Abstract
The essential oils extracted from Carum copticum C. B. Clarkeand Vitex pseudo-negundo (Hausskn.) Hand.-Mzt. using hydro distillation was tested against the stored product insect, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst),for antifeedant activity. Several experiments were designed to measure the nutritional indices ...
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The essential oils extracted from Carum copticum C. B. Clarkeand Vitex pseudo-negundo (Hausskn.) Hand.-Mzt. using hydro distillation was tested against the stored product insect, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst),for antifeedant activity. Several experiments were designed to measure the nutritional indices such as relative growth rate (RGR), relative consumption rate (RCR), efficiency of conversion of ingested food (ECI) and feeding deterrence index (FDI). Treatments were evaluated by the method of flour disc bioassay in the dark, at 27±1°C and 60±5 % R. H. Aliquots of 10 µl of acetone (controls) or an acetone solutions of essential oils (100-1500 ppm) were spread evenly on the flour discs. The solvent was allowed to evaporate and then 10 adult insects were introduced into each treatment. After 72 h, nutritional indices were calculated. Results indicated that nutritional indices were significantly varied as essential oil concentrations increased. In this study, C. copticum decreased RGR, RCR and ECI significantly higher than that of V. pseudo-negundo essential oil. Both of plant essential oils, with the same activity, increased FDI as the oil concentration was increased, showing high feeding deterrence activity against T. castaneum. Generally, antifeedant activity of C. copticum was more effective than V. pseudo-negund.
B.Z. Sahaf; S. Moharramipour
Abstract
Recently, there has been a growing interest in research concerning the possible use of plant extracts as alternatives to synthetic insecticides. Essential oils are among the best-known substances tested against insects. These compounds may act as fumigants, contact insecticides, repellents, antifeedants ...
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Recently, there has been a growing interest in research concerning the possible use of plant extracts as alternatives to synthetic insecticides. Essential oils are among the best-known substances tested against insects. These compounds may act as fumigants, contact insecticides, repellents, antifeedants and may affect growth and development of the insect. The objective of the present study was to test the possible properties of, medicinal plants, Carum copticum C. B. Clarke (Apiaceae) and Vitex pseudo-negundo (Haussk) Hand. I. MZT. (Verbenaceae) essential oil vapors against Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) to elucidate their deterrency on oviposition. The experiment was conducted with six concentrations (0.02-0.5 ml oil per one gram seed) at 27 ± 1°C, 60 ± 5 % R.H. and in dark condition. The essential oils were obtained from dry seeds of C. copticum and leaves of V. pseudo-negundo subjected to hydrodistillation using a modified clevenger-type apparatus. In each vial, two pairs of adult insects and 10 g chikling vetch were used. Oviposition deterrence of C. copticum was significantly higher than V. pseudo-negundo. At the highest concentration (0.5 ml per one gram seed) oviposition deterrence was reached to 100% and 76.33% by C. copticum and V. pseudo-negundo, respectively. Our results showed that these essential oils exhibited strong oviposition deterreny on C. maculatus at sublethal doses.
